Inter-relationships of Resistance to Penetration, Moisture and Soil Organic Matter with Irrigated Bean Yield in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) can be cultivated practically throughout the year in different regions of Brazil, provided there are no water and temperature limitations. This study was carried out in a Quartzarenic Neosol, in the municipality of Cassilândia, state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, in the 2016/2017 agricultural year. This study aimed to establish the linear and spatial interrelations of the penetration resistance (PR), gravimetric moisture (GM), and organic matter content (OM) with bean grain yield (GY) in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m soil layers, collected in a mesh of 117 georeferenced points [81 points of the base mesh (6 m spacing among points)] and 36 mesh points with higher density (2 m spacing among points). Data analysis was carried out by statistical and geostatistical techniques that enabled to note that the organic matter content correlates linearly and negatively with penetration resistance, indicating that soil management practices aiming to increase its profile improve its physical conditions and therefore the bean grain development and yield. The gravimetric moisture and soil organic matter content correlate spatially, directly, and linearly with bean grain yield, proving to be the best properties among those surveyed to estimate and increase its agricultural productivity.